Melasma has become more prevalent in recent years, and several factors may contribute to this trend. One significant consideration is the formulation of modern sunscreens, particularly those containing alcohol, as well as the effects of sun exposure in general.

Here are a few potential reasons why we're seeing more melasma today, in connection with sunscreens and alcohol:

1. Sunscreens and Alcohol: Many sunscreens, particularly those with alcohol as a solvent or preservative, can indeed exacerbate melasma. Alcohol can dry out the skin, and in some cases, cause irritation or inflammation, which may trigger the melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) to produce more melanin in response. This hyperpigmentation can manifest as melasma.

2. Increased Exposure to Sunlight with Sunscreen Use: There's a paradox where people feel "protected" by sunscreen and therefore may spend more time in the sun. While sunscreens protect from UVB (burning rays), they often don't fully shield against UVA (aging rays), which are linked to the development of melasma. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and can cause oxidative stress, leading to increased melanin production, particularly in people with a genetic predisposition to melasma.

3. Changes in Sunscreen Formulations: Sunscreen formulations have evolved significantly, with many now including chemical filters like oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate. These filters can sometimes lead to hormonal disruptions or photosensitivity in some people, possibly contributing to melasma. People who are predisposed to melasma or are already dealing with it might see worsening due to these ingredients.

4. Hormonal Influence: Many cases of melasma are influenced by hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, with oral contraceptives, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). These factors can be compounded by sunscreen use or sun exposure. The combination of hormones and UV exposure is a well-known trigger for melasma, which could explain the increase if more people are exposed to both.

5. Cumulative UV Exposure: The reality is that melasma is a slow-forming condition that worsens with cumulative sun exposure over time. Even if someone uses sunscreen regularly, the damage can still accumulate, especially if they don't reapply consistently or if their sunscreen doesn't offer full-spectrum protection.

6. Cultural and Social Trends: There has been an increase in the emphasis on skincare and sun protection in general, especially in the beauty industry. As more people use sunscreens, the exposure to them—and potentially to ingredients ( Alcohol etc...) that can trigger melasma—has also increased.